TY - JOUR
T1 - Unprecedented flexibility of the 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) ligand
T2 - catalytically-active species stabilised by B-agostic B–H⇀Ru interactions
AU - Welch, Alan Jeffrey
AU - Riley, Laura Elizabeth
AU - Chan, Antony
AU - Taylor, James
AU - Man, Wing
AU - Ellis, David
AU - Rosair, Georgina Margaret
AU - Sivaev, Igor
PY - 2016/1/21
Y1 - 2016/1/21
N2 - Doubly-deprotonated 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) reacts with [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 to afford [Ru(κ3-2,2′,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(p-cymene)] (1) in which 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) acts as an X2(C,C′)L ligand where “L” is a B3′–H3′⇀Ru B-agostic interaction, fluctional over four BH units (3′, 6′, 3 and 6) at 298 K but partially arrested at 203 K (B3′ and B6′). This interaction is readily cleaved by CO affording [Ru(κ2-2,2′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(p-cymene)(CO)] (2) with the 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) simply an X2(C,C′) ligand. With PPh3 or dppe 1 yields [Ru(κ3-2,3′,3-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(PPh3)2] (3) or [Ru(κ3-2,3′,3-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(dppe)] (4) via unusually facile loss of the η-(p-cymene) ligand. In 3 and 4 the 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) has unexpectedly transformed into an X2(C,B′)L ligand with “L” now a B3–H3⇀Ru B-agostic bond. Unlike in 1 the B-agostic bonding in 3 and 4 appears non-fluctional at 298 K. With CO the B-agostic interaction of 3 is cleaved and a PPh3 ligand is lost to afford [Ru(κ2-2,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(CO)3(PPh3)] (5), which exists as a 1 : 1 mixture of isomers, one having PPh3trans to C2, the other trans to B3′. With MeCN the analogous product [Ru(κ2-2,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(MeCN)3(PPh3)] (6) is formed as only the former isomer. With CO 4 affords [Ru(κ2-2,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(CO)2(dppe)] (7), whilst with MeCN 4 yields [Ru(κ2-2,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(MeCN)2(dppe)] (8). In 5 and 6 the three common ligands (CO or MeCN) are meridional, whilst in 7 and 8 the two monodentate ligands are mutually trans. Compound 1 is an 18-e, 6-co-ordinate, species but with a labile B-agostic interaction and 3 and 4 are 16-e, formally 5-co-ordinate, species also including a B-agostic interaction, and thus all three have the potential to act as Lewis acid catalysts. A 1% loading of 1 catalyses the Diels–Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene and methacrolein in CH2Cl2 with full conversion after 6 h at 298 K, affording the product with exo diastereoselectivity (de >77%). Compounds 1–8 are fully characterised spectroscopically and crystallographically.
AB - Doubly-deprotonated 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) reacts with [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 to afford [Ru(κ3-2,2′,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(p-cymene)] (1) in which 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) acts as an X2(C,C′)L ligand where “L” is a B3′–H3′⇀Ru B-agostic interaction, fluctional over four BH units (3′, 6′, 3 and 6) at 298 K but partially arrested at 203 K (B3′ and B6′). This interaction is readily cleaved by CO affording [Ru(κ2-2,2′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(p-cymene)(CO)] (2) with the 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) simply an X2(C,C′) ligand. With PPh3 or dppe 1 yields [Ru(κ3-2,3′,3-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(PPh3)2] (3) or [Ru(κ3-2,3′,3-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(dppe)] (4) via unusually facile loss of the η-(p-cymene) ligand. In 3 and 4 the 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) has unexpectedly transformed into an X2(C,B′)L ligand with “L” now a B3–H3⇀Ru B-agostic bond. Unlike in 1 the B-agostic bonding in 3 and 4 appears non-fluctional at 298 K. With CO the B-agostic interaction of 3 is cleaved and a PPh3 ligand is lost to afford [Ru(κ2-2,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(CO)3(PPh3)] (5), which exists as a 1 : 1 mixture of isomers, one having PPh3trans to C2, the other trans to B3′. With MeCN the analogous product [Ru(κ2-2,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(MeCN)3(PPh3)] (6) is formed as only the former isomer. With CO 4 affords [Ru(κ2-2,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(CO)2(dppe)] (7), whilst with MeCN 4 yields [Ru(κ2-2,3′-{1-(1′-1′,2′-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(MeCN)2(dppe)] (8). In 5 and 6 the three common ligands (CO or MeCN) are meridional, whilst in 7 and 8 the two monodentate ligands are mutually trans. Compound 1 is an 18-e, 6-co-ordinate, species but with a labile B-agostic interaction and 3 and 4 are 16-e, formally 5-co-ordinate, species also including a B-agostic interaction, and thus all three have the potential to act as Lewis acid catalysts. A 1% loading of 1 catalyses the Diels–Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene and methacrolein in CH2Cl2 with full conversion after 6 h at 298 K, affording the product with exo diastereoselectivity (de >77%). Compounds 1–8 are fully characterised spectroscopically and crystallographically.
U2 - 10.1039/C5DT03417E
DO - 10.1039/C5DT03417E
M3 - Article
SN - 1477-9226
VL - 45
SP - 1127
EP - 1137
JO - Dalton Transactions
JF - Dalton Transactions
IS - 3
ER -