Towards joint interpretation of CSEM surveys with 4D seismic for reservoir monitoring

Here, we generate CSEM data from the fluid flow simulator by performing 1D forward modelling. For this purpose we utilise a heterogeneous model where resistivity is been measured using an inline acquisition geometry. It is observed, that timelapse CSEM surveys can be used to monitor realistic water flood fronts. Changes in the amplitude of the horizontal component, and phase of the vertical component, correlate with water saturation change. The sensitivities of the timelapse CSEM and the 4D seismic to water saturation change in a three phase system with pressure variation are compared using cross-plots. The CSEM is more responsive and consistently more linearly related to water saturation change than the seismic. However, direct measurements of saturation change from CSEM surveys still need to be constrained by knowledge of the spatial distribution of porosity, net-to-gross and reservoir thickness.