The effects of axial tension on the sagging-moment regions of composite beams

This paper studies the effects of axial tension on the sagging moment regions of steel–concrete composite
beams. The study comprised an extensive experimental programme and nonlinear finite element analyses.
Six composite beams were designed and tested under the combined effects of axial tension and positive
bending moment. The beams were loaded to their ultimate capacity and the experimental moment-axial tension
interaction diagram was constructed. Following the tests, a finite element model was used to simulate
the nonlinear response of the composite beams. The validity of the model was thoroughly assessed against
the available experimental data and a parametric study was conducted to study different beam sizes and
the effect of partial shear connection on the interaction diagram. It was found that the moment capacity of
a composite beam is reduced under the presence of an axial tensile force acting in the steel beam section.
In addition, the use of partial shear connection does not affect significantly the shape of the interaction diagram.
The tensile capacity of the composite section, however, is limited by the axial capacity of the steel beam
alone. Based on the experimental results and the finite element analyses, a simplified equation is proposed
for the design of composite beams subjected to positive bending and axial tension.