Sustainable solutions: the role of gel-based adsorbents in CO₂ capture

This review examines the potential of novel gel-based adsorbents as effective solutions for capturing carbon dioxide (CO₂) amid rising global emissions. Addressing the urgent need for sustainable and energy-efficient adsorption technologies, the article highlights the unique characteristics of various gel-based adsorbents, particularly those derived from renewable resources. These materials exhibit advantageous three-dimensional structures that enhance high-capacity and energy-efficient CO₂ capture. Key features include a porous three-dimensional structure and tunable viscoelastic properties that contribute to significant adsorption capacity, selectivity, and optimised energy recovery. Additionally, the review analyzes the design and performance of the latest generations of sustainable gel adsorbents, often integrated with nanomaterials, ionic liquids, or biosurfactants, demonstrating the synergistic effects of these combinations on performance enhancement. Recent advances in carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) technologies related to these adsorbents are examined. The economic and environmental benefits of hybrid systems were outlined, emphasising their inherent sustainability and essential role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Finally, future research directions focused on optimising gel structures were proposed to enhance scalability and efficiency, a crucial step in facilitating sustainable development and strengthening climate resilience in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.