Strengthening schemes for flexure and torsion using FRP laminates: A state of art review

RC beams as a structural member contain a variety of non-uniform loads. These nonuniform loads caused combined effects of flexure and torsion. There are numerous studies available, that suggests different strengthening schemes using FRP laminates, as a solution for flexure and torsion deficient beams. Most of the experimental studies suggested individual strengthening schemes for flexure or torsional deficiency RC beams. However, the combined effects were not studied due to difference in experimental setup, testing procedure and specimen detailing. Therefore, the outcome of previous studies was needed to combine together to facilitate the strengthening process as a guideline case of such deficiency. Therefore, a combined review is presented by suggesting different configuration for flexure and torsion deficient RC beams. Most of the studies suggested that the application of FRP laminates at the soffit of beam is suitable for flexural strengthening. The application of U-shape or full wrap are suitable for strengthen torsion deficient beams. Similarly, 45° wraps are more effective than 90°wraps for improving ductility of torsion deficient beams.