Stratigraphy, pollen and ¹⁴C dating of Johnston's Gum Hole, a late Quaternary fossil kauri (Agathis australis) site, Northland, New Zealand

Johnston's Gum Hole provides a discontinuous pollen record commencing late in Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5). In combination with other published records from the region, the Aupouri Peninsula is reconstructed to have been continuously forested through much of the last glacial cycle with the oscillation of Agathis- and Nothofagus-dominated forest corresponding to stadials and interstadials, respectively. A northward latitudinal expansion of beech forest to 35°S is demonstrated. Kauri demise at the close of MIS 5 appears to have been due to flooding of the site. The elimination of kauri in MIS 3 was also associated with rewetting of the substrate, but could have been a more catastrophic event. The presence of both MIS 5 and MIS 3 kauri wood at the site suggests that other Aupouri peat swamps may also preserve timber of these ages, and demonstrate the potential of this area for providing MIS 3 and MIS 5 tree ring records.