Statistical characteristics of Rayleigh and log-normal distribution sea clutter polarization based on Stokes parameters

The statistical analysis of electromagnetic scattering presents significant challenges in the study of sea clutter, primarily due to the complex interplay of various influencing factors, including meteorological conditions and oceanic wave dynamics. The complexity of these interactions necessitates the development of multiple statistical models. These models are specifically designed to characterize and compute sea clutter parameters with enhanced accuracy. Traditional analytical frameworks predominantly rely on fully polarized electromagnetic waves, which are fundamentally vectorial in nature. However, the inherent complexities of the sea surface dynamics render actual electromagnetic scattering phenomena non-fully polarized in practical scenarios. Consequently, there exists a compelling need for more sophisticated models that employ a vectorial approach to better represent these physical phenomena. In this study, we employ a comprehensive set of statistical distributions, namely the Log-normal and Rayleigh distribution, to systematically investigate the polarization statistical characteristics of sea clutter models. Our analysis focuses on the probability density functions of the Stokes parameters, with particular emphasis on the evolutionary patterns of in relation to shape parameters. This rigorous investigation not only advances the current understanding but also significantly augments the theoretical framework for analyzing sea clutter properties, thereby contributing to the ongoing development of radar signal processing methodologies in marine environments.