@article{451ee79225ac4503acc2439739e89200,
title = "Sea-trial verification of a novel system for monitoring biofouling and testing anti-fouling coatings in highly energetic environments targeted by the marine renewable energy industry",
abstract = "A novel system was developed to deploy settlement panels to monitor biofouling growth in situ and evaluate antifouling coatings at depths representative of operational conditions of full-scale marine renewable energy devices. Biofouling loading, species diversity, and succession were assessed at depths ranging from 25-40 m at four tests sites in Orkney (UK) featuring extreme wave and tidal current exposure to more sheltered conditions. Evaluations were carried out over a period of 8 months with intermediate retrieval of samples after 3 months. Early pioneer fouling communities, comprised of colonial hydroids, were succeeded by tube-forming amphipods across sites while solitary tunicates dominated in greater shelter. The highest biofouling loading was observed on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) panels (6.17 kg m−2) compared with coated steel (3.34 kg m−2) panels after 8 months. Distinct assemblages were present at exposed vs sheltered sites. Better understanding of fouling and antifouling strategies may provide guidance to more effectively manage biofouling impacts in this sector.",
keywords = "biofouling, marine renewable energy, ocean energy, settlement panels, tidal, wave",
author = "Andrew Want and Bell, {Michael C.} and Harris, {Robert Ewan} and Hull, {Mark Q.} and Long, {Caitlin R.} and Porter, {Joanne S.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was made possible by a Natural Environment Research Council funded Innovation Placement: NE/R006954/1. Additional support was provided by Interreg NW Europe?FORESEA programme for boat time, and Whitford Ltd for materials support, especially the panels with applied coatings. Many thanks to the following organisations and individuals: EMEC hosted the Innovation Placement, provided substantial in-kind support and were involved in continual dialogue to project steer from an end-user perspective, for support during design of mooring and retrieval system, and during offshore work to deploy and recover the BioFREE systems; international partners included Prof. Yusaku Kyosuko (Japan), Dr Sergio Navarette (Chile), and Dr Sarah Henkel (USA); bespoke frame components were produced by Hamnavoe Engineering; mooring system construction, boat work and deployment provided by Leask Marine; assistance provided by intern Edouard DuTemple from ?cole Sup?rieure d?Ing?nieurs en ?lectrotechnique et ?lectronique, Paris. Thanks also to the anonymous reviewers who have taken the time to provide critical input which has improved this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1080/08927014.2021.1928091",
language = "English",
volume = "37",
pages = "433--451",
journal = "Biofouling",
issn = "0892-7014",
publisher = "Taylor & Francis",
number = "4",
}
