Scalling of Granular Temperature in a Dense Vibrated Granular Bed

The granular temperature underpins the kinetic theory of granular flows as well as models for heat transfer, segregation, erosion, attrition and aggregation in various granular systems. We report granular temperature data of mono-disperse glass particles in a three-dimensional dense granular bed subject to vertical sinusoidal vibrations over a wide range of vibrational conditions as measured by diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS). The granular temperature was found to scale with the square of the peak vibrational velocity in line with a number of theoretical models and experiments, but a significant correlation was observed between granular temperature and other vibrational parameters. We report here for the first time this variation of granular temperature with the various process parameters - in particular the peak vibrational velocity (from 30 to 55 mm/s), acceleration (from 1.8 to 3.4 Γ) and frequency (from 50 Hz to 170 Hz).