Review of recycled materials relevant for 3D printing habitats

Advancements in 3D printing technology facilitate the implementation of innovative building processes. When combined with circular approaches in particular the use of recycled materials, significant reduction of environmental impact is expected. This paper presents an investigation into the potential of recycled materials for 3D printing habitats. The study’s main objective is to assess two recycled materials, concrete and sandstone, which are suitable for 3D printing. Through comparative analysis, the research aims to demonstrate the environmental impact and process feasibility of each material in the context of 3D printing. The methodology involves the evaluation of recycled concrete and sandstone regarding material properties and overall environmental footprint by comparing building components such as columns. The energy use and carbon footprint in 3D printing are evaluated with the goal to minimize waste and contribute to a closed-loop approach. One of the fundamental aspects of this assessment involves quantifying and comparing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with each material at some stages of its life cycle, i.e., from material extraction to assembly. Consequently, by analyzing quantitative data, a basis for a more environmentally friendly circular approach for printing habitats is determined.