TY - JOUR
T1 - Review of Different Methods for Identification of Transients in Pressure Measurements by Permanent Downhole Gauges Installed in Wells
AU - Cui, Boyu
AU - Chen, Lejun
AU - Zhang, Nan
AU - Shchipanov, Anton
AU - Demyanov, Vasily
AU - Rong, Chunming
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the AutoWell project funded by the Research Council of Norway and the industry partners including ConocoPhillips Skandinavia, Lundin Energy Norway, Sumitomo Corporation Europe Norway Branch, Wintershall Dea Norge, and Aker BP (grant no. 326580) for support in preparation and publishing of this paper. The interpretations and conclusions presented in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the industry partners of the AutoWell project.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/2/8
Y1 - 2023/2/8
N2 - Permanent downhole gauges (PDG) are massively installed in injection and production wells operated in different industries such as oil and gas, geological CO2 storage, and the geothermal industry. These gauges provide a vast amount of real-time pressure measurements. The pressure measurements may be divided into periods with a predominantly monotonic change of pressure in response to a sudden change of rate, called transients. These transients are caused by well operations, such as variation of injection or production rate and well shut-ins. Transient identification is one of the important steps in processing and interpreting the PDG data. Traditional transient identification is performed by processing and analyzing with human involvement, which is a step in post-operation well analysis. In modern well surveillance technology, permanent and reliable data transmission from the wellbore to the surface provide the possibility to analyze well performance in real time or proactively. So automated transient identification is a practical demand, but a challenge at the same time. This article starts with the definition of a transient, then reviews and compares seven methods for transient identification proposed by previous works available in the literature. A comparative analysis of these methods is carried out accounting for the detection algorithm and procedure, results of testing, and general positive and negative sides of performance and application of these methods. The results of this review facilitate further developments of field data interpretation techniques by the R&D community and academia and may help in the selection of a proper method for further application in well surveillance workflows developed in the industry.
AB - Permanent downhole gauges (PDG) are massively installed in injection and production wells operated in different industries such as oil and gas, geological CO2 storage, and the geothermal industry. These gauges provide a vast amount of real-time pressure measurements. The pressure measurements may be divided into periods with a predominantly monotonic change of pressure in response to a sudden change of rate, called transients. These transients are caused by well operations, such as variation of injection or production rate and well shut-ins. Transient identification is one of the important steps in processing and interpreting the PDG data. Traditional transient identification is performed by processing and analyzing with human involvement, which is a step in post-operation well analysis. In modern well surveillance technology, permanent and reliable data transmission from the wellbore to the surface provide the possibility to analyze well performance in real time or proactively. So automated transient identification is a practical demand, but a challenge at the same time. This article starts with the definition of a transient, then reviews and compares seven methods for transient identification proposed by previous works available in the literature. A comparative analysis of these methods is carried out accounting for the detection algorithm and procedure, results of testing, and general positive and negative sides of performance and application of these methods. The results of this review facilitate further developments of field data interpretation techniques by the R&D community and academia and may help in the selection of a proper method for further application in well surveillance workflows developed in the industry.
KW - break point
KW - permanent downhole gauge
KW - pressure transient
KW - transient identification
KW - well surveillance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85149179146&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/en16041689
DO - 10.3390/en16041689
M3 - Article
SN - 1996-1073
VL - 16
JO - Energies
JF - Energies
IS - 4
M1 - 1689
ER -