Abstract
A wind-powered reverse osmosis membrane (wind-membrane) system without energy storage was tested using synthetic brackish water (2750 and 5500. mg/L NaCl) over a range of simulated wind speeds under both steady-state and fluctuating conditions. The parameters varied were: (i) average wind speed from 3.7 (system start-up) to 8.7. m/s; (ii) wind turbulence intensity from 0.0 (steady-state conditions) to 0.6 (extreme fluctuations); and (iii) period of oscillation from 15 to 90. s. With a feed water of 2750. mg/L NaCl, the wind-membrane system produced good-quality permeate (<600. mg/L) over the full range of wind speeds and fluctuations. The system performance (in terms of permeate flux and NaCl concentration) at average wind speeds of 7.0. m/s or more was unaffected by fluctuations up to a turbulence intensity of 0.4 and was independent of the period of fluctuation within this operating range. With a feed water of 5500. mg/L NaCl an average wind speed of 7.0. m/s or more was required to produce adequate-quality permeate (<1000. mg/L) under fluctuating conditions. It is concluded that this wind-membrane system can be operated within a safe operating window with large power fluctuations, but further control strategies are required to deal with intermittent operation, especially with higher salinity feed waters. © 2010.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 34-44 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Journal of Membrane Science |
Volume | 370 |
Issue number | 1-2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 15 Mar 2011 |
Keywords
- Intermittent operation
- Power fluctuation
- Renewable energy
- Reverse osmosis
- Wind energy