Regional variability of ground penetrating radar response - A case study from the dune fields of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Numerous works have portrayed ground penetrating radar (GPR) as a perfect tool for imaging the internal structure of sand bodies. Arid conditions and high electrical resistivities are commonplace in sands, making them ideal radar environments. However, sandy environments can be extremely diverse and localised variability may cause rapid signal attenuation or loss of definition. On a global scale, comparison between datasets is often impossible due to the wide range of potential variables. On a regional scale, logistical acquisition timeframes and survey constraints often limit data extent. Here we discuss the results of a regional-scale survey across the United Arab Emirates. Fourteen separate sites from differing dune formations, ages and provenance were surveyed with the same equipment between Liwa in the south, to Dubai in the north, over a period of four days. Comparisons are made between signal strength, attenuation, resolution and depth of penetration. A high degree of variability is recognised, even over short distances. Suggestions as to the causes of this are discussed.