TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent advances in biochar engineering for soil contaminated with complex chemical mixtures
T2 - Remediation strategies and future perspectives
AU - Anae, Jerry
AU - Ahmad, Nafees
AU - Kumar, Vinod
AU - Kumar Thakur, Vijay
AU - Gutierrez, Tony
AU - Yang, Xiao Jin
AU - Cai, Chao
AU - Yang, Zhugen
AU - Coulon, Frederic
N1 - Funding Information:
J.A. is grateful for the Commonwealth PhD Scholarship Commission funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) United Kingdom (Award number PGCA-2019-100 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/5/1
Y1 - 2021/5/1
N2 - Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil have caused serious environmental problems, compromised agriculture quality, and have detrimental effects on all forms of life including humans. There is a need to develop appropriate and effective remediation methods to resolve combined contaminated problems. Although conventional technologies exist to tackle contaminated soils, application of biochar as an effective renewable adsorbent for enhanced bioremediation is considered by many scientific researchers as a promising strategy to mitigate HM/PAH co-contaminated soils. This review aims to: (i) provide an overview of biochar preparation and its application, and (ii) critically discuss and examine the prospects of (bio)engineered biochar for enhancing HMs/PAHs co-remediation efficacy by reducing their mobility and bioavailability. The adsorption effectiveness of a biochar largely depends on the type of biomass material, carbonisation method and pyrolysis conditions. Biochar induced soil immobilise and remove metal ions via various mechanisms including electrostatic attractions, ion exchange, complexation and precipitation. PAHs remediation mechanisms are achieved via pore filling, hydrophobic effect, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond and partitioning. During last decade, biochar engineering (modification) via biological and chemical approaches to enhance contaminant removal efficiency has garnered greater interests. Hence, the development and application of (bio)engineered biochars in risk management, contaminant management associated with HM/PAH co-contaminated soil. In terms of (bio)engineered biochar, we review the prospects of amalgamating biochar with hydrogel, digestate and bioaugmentation to produce biochar composites.
AB - Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil have caused serious environmental problems, compromised agriculture quality, and have detrimental effects on all forms of life including humans. There is a need to develop appropriate and effective remediation methods to resolve combined contaminated problems. Although conventional technologies exist to tackle contaminated soils, application of biochar as an effective renewable adsorbent for enhanced bioremediation is considered by many scientific researchers as a promising strategy to mitigate HM/PAH co-contaminated soils. This review aims to: (i) provide an overview of biochar preparation and its application, and (ii) critically discuss and examine the prospects of (bio)engineered biochar for enhancing HMs/PAHs co-remediation efficacy by reducing their mobility and bioavailability. The adsorption effectiveness of a biochar largely depends on the type of biomass material, carbonisation method and pyrolysis conditions. Biochar induced soil immobilise and remove metal ions via various mechanisms including electrostatic attractions, ion exchange, complexation and precipitation. PAHs remediation mechanisms are achieved via pore filling, hydrophobic effect, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond and partitioning. During last decade, biochar engineering (modification) via biological and chemical approaches to enhance contaminant removal efficiency has garnered greater interests. Hence, the development and application of (bio)engineered biochars in risk management, contaminant management associated with HM/PAH co-contaminated soil. In terms of (bio)engineered biochar, we review the prospects of amalgamating biochar with hydrogel, digestate and bioaugmentation to produce biochar composites.
KW - (Bio)engineering
KW - Bioaugmentation
KW - Biochar
KW - Contaminated soil
KW - Digestate
KW - Hydrogel
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099255743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144351
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144351
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33453509
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 767
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 144351
ER -