Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments

Rui Zhang; Germán Mora Martin; Alistair Gorman; Robert K. Henderson; Gerald S. Buller; Istvan Gyongy; Aurora Maccarone

doi:10.1117/12.3030968

Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments

Rui Zhang^*
, Germán Mora Martin
, Alistair Gorman
, Robert K. Henderson
, Gerald S. Buller
, Istvan Gyongy
, Aurora Maccarone

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

115 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

We demonstrated a transceiver system for underwater three-dimensional imaging, based on a 64 ×32 macro-pixel direct time-of-flight (dToF) SPAD detector array fabricated using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The sensor featured integrated multi-event time-to-digital converters (METDC) per macro-pixel, and operated in a time-gated mode which allowed the improved rejection of the backscattering from the signal return. The performance of the system was assessed in a controlled underwater environment, utilizing a moving target placed in a water tank at a stand-off distance of 1.45 m in water. The system demonstrated rapid 3D imaging by using short acquisition times of 1 ms, which corresponds to a frame rate of 1000 fps. Depth and intensity profiles were obtained at attenuation levels equivalent up to 5.5 attenuation lengths between the transceiver and the target, and using average optical power of up to 32 mW.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence IX
Editors	Gerald S. Buller, Robert A. Lamb, Martin Laurenzis
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Electronic)	9781510681170
ISBN (Print)	9781510681163
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030968
Publication status	Published - 15 Nov 2024
Event	Security + Defence 2024 - Edinburgh Conference Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Duration: 16 Sept 2024 → 20 Sept 2024 https://spie.org/conferences-and-exhibitions/sensors-and-imaging/programme/conferences/security--defence

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE
Volume	13204
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	Security + Defence 2024
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	Edinburgh
Period	16/09/24 → 20/09/24
Internet address	https://spie.org/conferences-and-exhibitions/sensors-and-imaging/programme/conferences/security--defence

Keywords

CMOS SPAD
rapid imaging
scattering
single-photon
Underwater imaging

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics
Computer Science Applications
Applied Mathematics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1117/12.3030968

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© 2024 SPIE. Proceedings Volume 13204, Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence IX; 1320406 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030968
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Zhang, R., Mora Martin, G., Gorman, A., Henderson, R. K., Buller, G. S., Gyongy, I., & Maccarone, A. (2024). Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments. In G. S. Buller, R. A. Lamb, & M. Laurenzis (Eds.), Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence IX Article 1320406 (Proceedings of SPIE; Vol. 13204). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030968

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title = "Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments",

abstract = "We demonstrated a transceiver system for underwater three-dimensional imaging, based on a 64 ×32 macro-pixel direct time-of-flight (dToF) SPAD detector array fabricated using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The sensor featured integrated multi-event time-to-digital converters (METDC) per macro-pixel, and operated in a time-gated mode which allowed the improved rejection of the backscattering from the signal return. The performance of the system was assessed in a controlled underwater environment, utilizing a moving target placed in a water tank at a stand-off distance of 1.45 m in water. The system demonstrated rapid 3D imaging by using short acquisition times of 1 ms, which corresponds to a frame rate of 1000 fps. Depth and intensity profiles were obtained at attenuation levels equivalent up to 5.5 attenuation lengths between the transceiver and the target, and using average optical power of up to 32 mW.",

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author = "Rui Zhang and \{Mora Martin\}, Germ{\'a}n and Alistair Gorman and Henderson, \{Robert K.\} and Buller, \{Gerald S.\} and Istvan Gyongy and Aurora Maccarone",

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Zhang, R, Mora Martin, G, Gorman, A, Henderson, RK, Buller, GS, Gyongy, I & Maccarone, A 2024, Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments. in GS Buller, RA Lamb & M Laurenzis (eds), Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence IX., 1320406, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 13204, SPIE, Security + Defence 2024, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 16/09/24. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030968

Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments. / Zhang, Rui; Mora Martin, Germán; Gorman, Alistair et al.
Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence IX. ed. / Gerald S. Buller; Robert A. Lamb; Martin Laurenzis. SPIE, 2024. 1320406 (Proceedings of SPIE; Vol. 13204).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

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AU - Zhang, Rui

AU - Mora Martin, Germán

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AU - Henderson, Robert K.

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AU - Gyongy, Istvan

AU - Maccarone, Aurora

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N2 - We demonstrated a transceiver system for underwater three-dimensional imaging, based on a 64 ×32 macro-pixel direct time-of-flight (dToF) SPAD detector array fabricated using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The sensor featured integrated multi-event time-to-digital converters (METDC) per macro-pixel, and operated in a time-gated mode which allowed the improved rejection of the backscattering from the signal return. The performance of the system was assessed in a controlled underwater environment, utilizing a moving target placed in a water tank at a stand-off distance of 1.45 m in water. The system demonstrated rapid 3D imaging by using short acquisition times of 1 ms, which corresponds to a frame rate of 1000 fps. Depth and intensity profiles were obtained at attenuation levels equivalent up to 5.5 attenuation lengths between the transceiver and the target, and using average optical power of up to 32 mW.

AB - We demonstrated a transceiver system for underwater three-dimensional imaging, based on a 64 ×32 macro-pixel direct time-of-flight (dToF) SPAD detector array fabricated using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The sensor featured integrated multi-event time-to-digital converters (METDC) per macro-pixel, and operated in a time-gated mode which allowed the improved rejection of the backscattering from the signal return. The performance of the system was assessed in a controlled underwater environment, utilizing a moving target placed in a water tank at a stand-off distance of 1.45 m in water. The system demonstrated rapid 3D imaging by using short acquisition times of 1 ms, which corresponds to a frame rate of 1000 fps. Depth and intensity profiles were obtained at attenuation levels equivalent up to 5.5 attenuation lengths between the transceiver and the target, and using average optical power of up to 32 mW.

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PB - SPIE

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Y2 - 16 September 2024 through 20 September 2024

ER -

Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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