@inbook{11666c85ccc44852b5f554dd771d766a,
title = "Preclinical Organotypic Models for the Assessment of Novel Cancer Therapeutics and Treatment",
abstract = "The immense costs in both financial terms and preclinical research effort that occur in the development of anticancer drugs are unfortunately not matched by a substantial increase in improved clinical therapies due to the high rate of failure during clinical trials. This may be due to issues with toxicity or lack of clinical effectiveness when the drug is evaluated in patients. Currently, much cancer research is driven by the need to develop therapies that can exploit cancer cell adaptations to conditions in the tumor microenvironment such as acidosis and hypoxia, the requirement for more-specific, targeted treatments, or the exploitation of {\textquoteleft}precision medicine{\textquoteright} that can target known genomic changes in patient DNA. The high attrition rate for novel anticancer therapies suggests that the preclinical methods used in screening anticancer drugs need improvement. This chapter considers the advantages and disadvantages of 3D organotypic models in both cancer research and cancer drug screening, particularly in the areas of targeted drugs and the exploitation of genomic changes that can be used for therapeutic advantage in precision medicine.",
author = "Carol Ward and James Meehan and Mark Gray and Kunkler, {Ian H.} and Langdon, {Simon P.} and Alan Murray and David Argyle",
note = "Funding Information: The authors MG, JM, CW, IK, AM, and DA are supported by funding from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, through the Implantable Microsystems for Personalised Anti-Cancer Therapy (IMPACT) program grant (EP/K-34510/1). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",
year = "2019",
month = mar,
day = "12",
doi = "10.1007/82_2019_159",
language = "English",
isbn = "9783030624514",
series = "Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology",
publisher = "Springer",
pages = "225--246",
booktitle = "Three Dimensional Human Organotypic Models for Biomedical Research",
}
