Pedagogic principles of case-based CAL

This paper reviews the recent developments in educational and cognitive learning theory that have been adopted by developers of knowledge-based computer-aided learning systems. Its focus is on an artificial intelligence technology that has only recently been applied to educational applications. Case-based reasoning provides an intelligent capability for making pedagogic decisions about a diversity of issues encountered during a learning session. Illustrative examples of implemented systems in tackling a variety of pedagogic problems are presented. Numerous case-based teaching systems have been reviewed and fourteen fundamental pedagogic principles that influenced their design are identified. These principles are presented with background descriptions and references to the systems they motivated. The work of the authors, which focuses on case-based task management, is described briefly.