Overview of investigations addressing the issue of low water use sanitary appliances and associated drainage network design

With the development of water conservation as a key factor in both social and economic issues, the use of low water consumption appliances has significantly increased. A good deal of research has been carried out in order that such fixtures can be utilized efficiently and with confidence on the part of the designer, installer and end user. This paper introduces some of the basic principles of the drainage network and will attempt to collate and thereby complement associated research findings. Developments are detailed and parallel or synonymous findings are highlighted, bearing in mind that the overall aim of the research is to ensure that low water use appliances effectively and efficiently remove waste from the fixture, and that transport through the connected network is maximized. A comprehensive list of references is given.