Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise

Ana X. H. Yong; A. Aktas; D. May; A. Endruweit; S. G. Advani; P. Hubert; Sergey G. Abaimov; D. Abliz; I. Akhatov; M. A. Ali; T. D. Allen; D. C. Berg; S. Bickerton; C. Brauner; D. Brütsch; B. Caglar; H. Caglar; P. Causse; A. Chiminelli; A. Cohades; S. Comas-Cardona; M. Danzi; J. Dittmann; C. Dransfeld; Paola A. Ermanni; E. Fauster; J. A. Garcia-Manrique; A. George; R. Graupner; V. Grishaev; A. Guilloux; M. Hancioglu; W. Harizi; T. Herman; Wenmei Huang; M. A. Kabachi; A. Keller; K. Kind; M. Laspalas; O. V. Lebedev; M. Lizaranzu; A. C. Long; K. Masania; V. Michaud; P. Middendorf; D. Salvatori; R. Schubnel; N. Sharp; E. M. Sozer; J. Thomas; François Trochu; Rehan Umer; J. Valette; J. H. Wang; B. Willenbacher

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480

Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise

Ana X. H. Yong^*, A. Aktas, D. May, A. Endruweit, S. G. Advani, P. Hubert, Sergey G. Abaimov, D. Abliz, I. Akhatov, M. A. Ali, T. D. Allen, D. C. Berg, S. Bickerton, C. Brauner, D. Brütsch, B. Caglar, H. Caglar, P. Causse, A. Chiminelli, A. CohadesS. Comas-Cardona, M. Danzi, J. Dittmann, C. Dransfeld, Paola A. Ermanni, E. Fauster, J. A. Garcia-Manrique, A. George, R. Graupner, V. Grishaev, A. Guilloux, M. Hancioglu, W. Harizi, T. Herman, Wenmei Huang, M. A. Kabachi, A. Keller, K. Kind, M. Laspalas, O. V. Lebedev, M. Lizaranzu, A. C. Long, K. Masania, V. Michaud, P. Middendorf, D. Salvatori, R. Schubnel, N. Sharp, E. M. Sozer, J. Thomas, François Trochu, Rehan Umer, J. Valette, J. H. Wang, B. Willenbacher

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

41 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The out-of-plane permeability of two glass fibre fabrics was measured by 26 institutions using silicone oil as a test fluid. Participants in this study were free to select the test procedure, specimen dimensions and data analysis method, provided that testing was carried out at three target fibre volume fractions, 46%, 50% and 54%. While results showed a variability of two orders of magnitude between participants, most values were within a significantly narrower band. A majority of participants used 1D saturated test method. A few selected 1D unsaturated and 3D unsaturated flow method which gave very similar results. Focusing on analysis of data and results of 1D saturated flow measurements, results are not conclusive, but they are consistent with number of layers in a specimen, fibre volume fraction, injection pressure and sealing of specimen edges all having an effect on the measured permeability. Specifying limits for these parameters is expected to result in reduced scatter in measured permeability.

Original language	English
Article number	106480
Journal	Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
Volume	148
Early online date	23 May 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480
Publication status	Published - Sept 2021

Keywords

A. Fabric/textiles
B. Permeability
E. Liquid composite moulding
E. Resin flow

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Ceramics and Composites
Mechanics of Materials

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10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480

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Yong, A. X. H., Aktas, A., May, D., Endruweit, A., Advani, S. G., Hubert, P., Abaimov, S. G., Abliz, D., Akhatov, I., Ali, M. A., Allen, T. D., Berg, D. C., Bickerton, S., Brauner, C., Brütsch, D., Caglar, B., Caglar, H., Causse, P., Chiminelli, A., ... Willenbacher, B. (2021). Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 148, Article 106480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480

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title = "Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise",

abstract = "The out-of-plane permeability of two glass fibre fabrics was measured by 26 institutions using silicone oil as a test fluid. Participants in this study were free to select the test procedure, specimen dimensions and data analysis method, provided that testing was carried out at three target fibre volume fractions, 46%, 50% and 54%. While results showed a variability of two orders of magnitude between participants, most values were within a significantly narrower band. A majority of participants used 1D saturated test method. A few selected 1D unsaturated and 3D unsaturated flow method which gave very similar results. Focusing on analysis of data and results of 1D saturated flow measurements, results are not conclusive, but they are consistent with number of layers in a specimen, fibre volume fraction, injection pressure and sealing of specimen edges all having an effect on the measured permeability. Specifying limits for these parameters is expected to result in reduced scatter in measured permeability.",

keywords = "A. Fabric/textiles, B. Permeability, E. Liquid composite moulding, E. Resin flow",

author = "Yong, {Ana X. H.} and A. Aktas and D. May and A. Endruweit and Advani, {S. G.} and P. Hubert and Abaimov, {Sergey G.} and D. Abliz and I. Akhatov and Ali, {M. A.} and Allen, {T. D.} and Berg, {D. C.} and S. Bickerton and C. Brauner and D. Br{\"u}tsch and B. Caglar and H. Caglar and P. Causse and A. Chiminelli and A. Cohades and S. Comas-Cardona and M. Danzi and J. Dittmann and C. Dransfeld and Ermanni, {Paola A.} and E. Fauster and Garcia-Manrique, {J. A.} and A. George and R. Graupner and V. Grishaev and A. Guilloux and M. Hancioglu and W. Harizi and T. Herman and Wenmei Huang and Kabachi, {M. A.} and A. Keller and K. Kind and M. Laspalas and Lebedev, {O. V.} and M. Lizaranzu and Long, {A. C.} and K. Masania and V. Michaud and P. Middendorf and D. Salvatori and R. Schubnel and N. Sharp and Sozer, {E. M.} and J. Thomas and Fran{\c c}ois Trochu and Rehan Umer and J. Valette and Wang, {J. H.} and B. Willenbacher",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480",

language = "English",

volume = "148",

journal = "Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing",

issn = "1359-835X",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Yong, AXH, Aktas, A, May, D, Endruweit, A, Advani, SG, Hubert, P, Abaimov, SG, Abliz, D, Akhatov, I, Ali, MA, Allen, TD, Berg, DC, Bickerton, S, Brauner, C, Brütsch, D, Caglar, B, Caglar, H, Causse, P, Chiminelli, A, Cohades, A, Comas-Cardona, S, Danzi, M, Dittmann, J, Dransfeld, C, Ermanni, PA, Fauster, E, Garcia-Manrique, JA, George, A, Graupner, R, Grishaev, V, Guilloux, A, Hancioglu, M, Harizi, W, Herman, T, Huang, W, Kabachi, MA, Keller, A, Kind, K, Laspalas, M, Lebedev, OV, Lizaranzu, M, Long, AC, Masania, K, Michaud, V, Middendorf, P, Salvatori, D, Schubnel, R, Sharp, N, Sozer, EM, Thomas, J, Trochu, F, Umer, R, Valette, J, Wang, JH & Willenbacher, B 2021, 'Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise', Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 148, 106480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480

TY - JOUR

T1 - Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise

AU - Yong, Ana X. H.

AU - Aktas, A.

AU - May, D.

AU - Endruweit, A.

AU - Advani, S. G.

AU - Hubert, P.

AU - Abaimov, Sergey G.

AU - Abliz, D.

AU - Akhatov, I.

AU - Ali, M. A.

AU - Allen, T. D.

AU - Berg, D. C.

AU - Bickerton, S.

AU - Brauner, C.

AU - Brütsch, D.

AU - Caglar, B.

AU - Caglar, H.

AU - Causse, P.

AU - Chiminelli, A.

AU - Cohades, A.

AU - Comas-Cardona, S.

AU - Danzi, M.

AU - Dittmann, J.

AU - Dransfeld, C.

AU - Ermanni, Paola A.

AU - Fauster, E.

AU - Garcia-Manrique, J. A.

AU - George, A.

AU - Graupner, R.

AU - Grishaev, V.

AU - Guilloux, A.

AU - Hancioglu, M.

AU - Harizi, W.

AU - Herman, T.

AU - Huang, Wenmei

AU - Kabachi, M. A.

AU - Keller, A.

AU - Kind, K.

AU - Laspalas, M.

AU - Lebedev, O. V.

AU - Lizaranzu, M.

AU - Long, A. C.

AU - Masania, K.

AU - Michaud, V.

AU - Middendorf, P.

AU - Salvatori, D.

AU - Schubnel, R.

AU - Sharp, N.

AU - Sozer, E. M.

AU - Thomas, J.

AU - Trochu, François

AU - Umer, Rehan

AU - Valette, J.

AU - Wang, J. H.

AU - Willenbacher, B.

PY - 2021/9

Y1 - 2021/9

N2 - The out-of-plane permeability of two glass fibre fabrics was measured by 26 institutions using silicone oil as a test fluid. Participants in this study were free to select the test procedure, specimen dimensions and data analysis method, provided that testing was carried out at three target fibre volume fractions, 46%, 50% and 54%. While results showed a variability of two orders of magnitude between participants, most values were within a significantly narrower band. A majority of participants used 1D saturated test method. A few selected 1D unsaturated and 3D unsaturated flow method which gave very similar results. Focusing on analysis of data and results of 1D saturated flow measurements, results are not conclusive, but they are consistent with number of layers in a specimen, fibre volume fraction, injection pressure and sealing of specimen edges all having an effect on the measured permeability. Specifying limits for these parameters is expected to result in reduced scatter in measured permeability.

AB - The out-of-plane permeability of two glass fibre fabrics was measured by 26 institutions using silicone oil as a test fluid. Participants in this study were free to select the test procedure, specimen dimensions and data analysis method, provided that testing was carried out at three target fibre volume fractions, 46%, 50% and 54%. While results showed a variability of two orders of magnitude between participants, most values were within a significantly narrower band. A majority of participants used 1D saturated test method. A few selected 1D unsaturated and 3D unsaturated flow method which gave very similar results. Focusing on analysis of data and results of 1D saturated flow measurements, results are not conclusive, but they are consistent with number of layers in a specimen, fibre volume fraction, injection pressure and sealing of specimen edges all having an effect on the measured permeability. Specifying limits for these parameters is expected to result in reduced scatter in measured permeability.

KW - A. Fabric/textiles

KW - B. Permeability

KW - E. Liquid composite moulding

KW - E. Resin flow

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107730654&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480

DO - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85107730654

SN - 1359-835X

VL - 148

JO - Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

JF - Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

M1 - 106480

ER -

Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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