On the expressive power of user-defined effects: Effect handlers, monadic reflection, delimited control

Yannick Forster, Ohad Kammar, Sam Lindley, Matija Pretnar

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

22 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We compare the expressive power of three programming abstractions for user-defined computational effects: Plotkin and Pretnar's effect handlers, Filinski's monadic reflection, and delimited control. This comparison allows a precise discussion about the relative expressiveness of each programming abstraction. It also demonstrates the sensitivity of the relative expressiveness of user-defined effects to seemingly orthogonal language features. We present three calculi, one per abstraction, extending Levy's call-by-push-value. For each calculus, we present syntax, operational semantics, a natural type-and-effect system, and, for effect handlers and monadic reflection, a set-theoretic denotational semantics. We establish their basic metatheoretic properties: safety, termination, and, where applicable, soundness and adequacy. Using Felleisen's notion of a macro translation, we show that these abstractions can macro express each other, and show which translations preserve typeability. We use the adequate finitary set-theoretic denotational semantics for the monadic calculus to show that effect handlers cannot be macro expressed while preserving typeability either by monadic reflection or by delimited control. Our argument fails with simple changes to the type system such as polymorphism and inductive types. We supplement our development with a mechanised Abella formalisation.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere15
JournalJournal of Functional Programming
Volume29
Early online date8 Oct 2019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2019

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Software

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