On antenna array design using orthogonal modes

Antenna array design using orthogonal modes has been extensively studied in the past. The design procedure is based on the projection of an arbitrary array factor on a basis defined by a set of orthogonal modes on the array structure. A design method is presented that relies on the construction of an orthogonal basis using the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization method. Moreover, simplifications of the orthogonal projection are provided reducing the computational complexity of the design procedure. Finally, the validity of the method is displayed with a design example.