TY - JOUR
T1 - Multistage optimizations of slow pyrolysis synthesis of biochar from palm oil sludge for adsorption of lead
AU - Lee, Xin Jiat
AU - Lee, Lai Yee
AU - Hiew, Billie Yan Zhang
AU - Gan, Suyin
AU - Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, Suchithra
AU - Kiat Ng, Hoon
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), FRGS/1/2015/SG06/UNIM/02/1 from the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia and from the Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Campus Malaysia Campus. The authors would also like to thank Seri Ulu Langat Palm Oil Mill Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia for providing the research materials.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2017/12
Y1 - 2017/12
N2 - This research investigated the removal of lead (Pb2+) by a novel biochar derived from palm oil sludge (POS-char) by slow pyrolysis. Multistage optimizations with central composite design were carried out to firstly optimize pyrolysis parameters to produce the best POS-char for Pb2+ removal and secondly to optimize adsorption conditions for the highest removal of Pb2+. The optimum pyrolysis parameters were nitrogen flowrate of 30 mL min−1, heating rate of 10 °C min−1, temperature of 500 °C and time of 30 min. The optimum Pb2+ adsorption conditions were concentration of 200 mg L−1, time of 60 min, dosage of 0.3 g and pH of 3.02. The various functional groups within POS-char played a vital role in Pb2+ uptake. Regeneration was demonstrated to be feasible using hydrochloric acid. Adsorption equilibrium was best described by Freundlich model. At low concentration range, adsorption kinetic obeyed pseudo-first-order model, but at high concentration range, it followed pseudo-second-order model. Overall, the results highlighted that POS-char is an effective adsorbent for Pb2+ removal.
AB - This research investigated the removal of lead (Pb2+) by a novel biochar derived from palm oil sludge (POS-char) by slow pyrolysis. Multistage optimizations with central composite design were carried out to firstly optimize pyrolysis parameters to produce the best POS-char for Pb2+ removal and secondly to optimize adsorption conditions for the highest removal of Pb2+. The optimum pyrolysis parameters were nitrogen flowrate of 30 mL min−1, heating rate of 10 °C min−1, temperature of 500 °C and time of 30 min. The optimum Pb2+ adsorption conditions were concentration of 200 mg L−1, time of 60 min, dosage of 0.3 g and pH of 3.02. The various functional groups within POS-char played a vital role in Pb2+ uptake. Regeneration was demonstrated to be feasible using hydrochloric acid. Adsorption equilibrium was best described by Freundlich model. At low concentration range, adsorption kinetic obeyed pseudo-first-order model, but at high concentration range, it followed pseudo-second-order model. Overall, the results highlighted that POS-char is an effective adsorbent for Pb2+ removal.
KW - Adsorption
KW - Biochar
KW - Palm oil waste
KW - Pb
KW - Process optimization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85029488876&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.175
DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.175
M3 - Article
C2 - 28946195
AN - SCOPUS:85029488876
SN - 0960-8524
VL - 245
SP - 944
EP - 953
JO - Bioresource Technology
JF - Bioresource Technology
IS - Part A
ER -
