Multipseudopotential interaction: A consistent study of cubic equations of state in lattice Boltzmann models

A method is developed to analytically and consistently implement cubic equations of state into the recently proposed multipseudopotential interaction (MPI) scheme in the class of two-phase lattice Boltzmann (LB) models [S. Khajepor, J. Wen, and B. Chen, Phys. Rev. E 91, 023301 (2015)]. An MPI forcing term is applied to reduce the constraints on the mathematical shape of the thermodynamically consistent pseudopotentials; this allows the parameters of the MPI forces to be determined analytically without the need of curve fitting or trial and error methods. Attraction and repulsion parts of equations of state (EOSs), representing underlying molecular interactions, are modeled by individual pseudopotentials. Four EOSs, van der Waals, Carnahan-Starling, Peng- Robinson, and Soave-Redlich-Kwong, are investigated and the results show that the developed MPI-LB system can satisfactorily recover the thermodynamic states of interest. The phase interface is predicted analytically and controlled via EOS parameters independently and its effect on the vapor-liquid equilibrium system is studied. The scheme is highly stable to very high density ratios and the accuracy of the results can be enhanced by increasing the interface resolution. The MPI drop is evaluated with regard to surface tension, spurious velocities, isotropy, dynamic behavior, and the stability dependence on the relaxation time.