TY - JOUR
T1 - Mjölnir
T2 - A miniature triaxial rock deformation apparatus for 4D synchrotron X-ray microtomography
AU - Butler, Ian
AU - Fusseis, Florian
AU - Cartwright-Taylor, Alexis
AU - Flynn, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source (proposal No. 20171455); and Diamond Light Source for time on Beamline I12-JEEP (proposal No. MG22178). This research further used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory (contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357). This work has been supported, in part, by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the CATFAIL project (grant No. NE/R001693/1 awarded to IB, FF and ACT) ‘Catastrophic failure: what controls precursory localization in rocks?’
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020.
PY - 2020/11/1
Y1 - 2020/11/1
N2 - An X-ray transparent experimental triaxial rock deformation apparatus, here named 'Mjölnir', enables investigations of brittle-style rock deformation and failure, as well as coupled thermal, chemical and mechanical processes relevant to a range of Earth subsurface environments. Designed to operate with cylindrical samples up to 3.2 mm outside-diameter and up to 10 mm length, Mjölnir can attain up to 50 MPa confining pressure and in excess of 600 MPa axial load. The addition of heaters extends the experimental range to temperatures up to 140°C. Deployment of Mjolnir on synchrotron beamlines indicates that full 3D datasets may be acquired in a few seconds to a few minutes, meaning full 4D investigations of deformation processes can be undertaken. Mjölnir is constructed from readily available materials and components and complete technical drawings are included in the supporting information.
AB - An X-ray transparent experimental triaxial rock deformation apparatus, here named 'Mjölnir', enables investigations of brittle-style rock deformation and failure, as well as coupled thermal, chemical and mechanical processes relevant to a range of Earth subsurface environments. Designed to operate with cylindrical samples up to 3.2 mm outside-diameter and up to 10 mm length, Mjölnir can attain up to 50 MPa confining pressure and in excess of 600 MPa axial load. The addition of heaters extends the experimental range to temperatures up to 140°C. Deployment of Mjolnir on synchrotron beamlines indicates that full 3D datasets may be acquired in a few seconds to a few minutes, meaning full 4D investigations of deformation processes can be undertaken. Mjölnir is constructed from readily available materials and components and complete technical drawings are included in the supporting information.
KW - experimental geoscience
KW - rock deformation
KW - synchrotron X-ray microtomography
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095676955&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1107/S160057752001173X
DO - 10.1107/S160057752001173X
M3 - Article
C2 - 33147194
AN - SCOPUS:85095676955
SN - 0909-0495
VL - 27
SP - 1681
EP - 1687
JO - Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
JF - Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
IS - Part 6
ER -