Mechanisms for the heterogeneous hydrolysis of hydrogen chloride, chlorine nitrate and dinitrogen pentoxide on water-rich atmospheric particle surfaces

The heterogeneous interaction of the stratospheric reservoir species HCl, ClONO2, and N2O5 with water-rich polar stratospheric particle mimics is characterized by the formation of solvated ionic products. Simple semiempirical calculations have been used to explain the nature of the species observed in infrared spectroscopic measurements and to elucidate the mechanism by which they are formed. The initial stages of the interaction appear to involve an S(N)2-type nucleophilic attack by the oxygen atom of the surface water molecule upon the most accessible electrophilic site of the adsorbing reactant. Mechanistic schemes involving protonated acid intermediates and their subsequent decomposition or hydrolysis can be used to accurately predict and explain the stable reaction products observed spectroscopically under stratospheric conditions.