Masculinities and gender dynamics in Scottish aquaculture: the need for transformative and collective action

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing sector and plays a pivotal role in Scotland’s economy, contributing to income generation, employment and economic growth, particularly in remote communities. As with other primary industries, the sector’s growth has not been synonymous with inclusivity. In particular, women have faced significant hurdles despite their vital contributions to the sector’s development. This study investigates the barriers to women’s inclusion and progression within Scottish aquaculture, highlighting the role of entrenched gender norms and dominant masculinities that uphold a patriarchal culture. Our findings are based on qualitative interviews with 28 key industry informants across Scottish aquaculture. The study argues that achieving gender equality in aquaculture requires a collaborative, sector-wide approach that challenges traditional practices and fosters inclusivity. These barriers include entrenched gender norms, toxic masculine behaviours, inadequate safety measures, lack of flexible working arrangements, and youth disengagement. The study calls for a transformation in the aquaculture sector’s approach, advocating for collaborations with gender experts, inclusive business models and value chains that balance economic, environmental and social sustainability. Key recommendations include creating partnerships with gender-focused organisations, ensuring robust grievance mechanisms, collecting gender-disaggregated data, and promoting flexible work arrangements, amongst others. To ensure a more inclusive sector in which women and other marginalised groups can fully participate in and benefit from, Scottish aquaculture leaders must commit to advancing gender equality.