Loose and Encased Graphite for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Process Optimization and Principal Component Analysis

Cheng Yee Mah; Nurul Natasha Azhar; Voon Loong Wong; Yi Lee Chen; Sami Abdelrahman Musa Yagoub; Swee Sen Teo; Shao Feng Su; Swee Pin Yeap

doi:10.1002/ceat.202300246

Loose and Encased Graphite for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Process Optimization and Principal Component Analysis

Cheng Yee Mah, Nurul Natasha Azhar, Voon Loong Wong, Yi Lee Chen, Sami Abdelrahman Musa Yagoub, Swee Sen Teo, Shao Feng Su, Swee Pin Yeap^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Engineering & Physical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Graphite is often converted to expanded graphite or graphene for water remediation. However, these processes require extra chemicals and energy. This study tested loose and encased pristine graphite powders for dye removal. The loose graphite exhibited good methylene blue removal (>97 % across pH levels), indicating that π-π interaction is the governing factor besides electrostatic attraction. Notably, 5 g of loose graphite led to 100 % removal. Langmuir isotherm fitting disclosed a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.7059 mg g⁻¹. Principal component analysis showed that dye concentration and adsorbent dosage had a greater impact than pH and contact time. However, encasing graphite in a tea bag inhibits adsorption; future studies could explore options facilitating adsorbate penetration into tea bags.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	474-484
Number of pages	11
Journal	Chemical Engineering and Technology
Volume	47
Issue number	3
Early online date	13 Nov 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202300246
Publication status	Published - Mar 2024

Keywords

Adsorption
Graphite
Methylene Blue
Principal component analysis
Water remediation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
General Chemical Engineering
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

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10.1002/ceat.202300246

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title = "Loose and Encased Graphite for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Process Optimization and Principal Component Analysis",

abstract = "Graphite is often converted to expanded graphite or graphene for water remediation. However, these processes require extra chemicals and energy. This study tested loose and encased pristine graphite powders for dye removal. The loose graphite exhibited good methylene blue removal (>97 % across pH levels), indicating that π-π interaction is the governing factor besides electrostatic attraction. Notably, 5 g of loose graphite led to 100 % removal. Langmuir isotherm fitting disclosed a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.7059 mg g−1. Principal component analysis showed that dye concentration and adsorbent dosage had a greater impact than pH and contact time. However, encasing graphite in a tea bag inhibits adsorption; future studies could explore options facilitating adsorbate penetration into tea bags.",

keywords = "Adsorption, Graphite, Methylene Blue, Principal component analysis, Water remediation",

author = "Mah, {Cheng Yee} and Azhar, {Nurul Natasha} and Wong, {Voon Loong} and Chen, {Yi Lee} and Yagoub, {Sami Abdelrahman Musa} and Teo, {Swee Sen} and Su, {Shao Feng} and Yeap, {Swee Pin}",

note = "Funding Information: This project is funded in part by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) with project code FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UCSI/03/3. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.",

year = "2024",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1002/ceat.202300246",

language = "English",

volume = "47",

pages = "474--484",

journal = "Chemical Engineering and Technology",

issn = "0930-7516",

publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",

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T1 - Loose and Encased Graphite for Methylene Blue Adsorption

T2 - Process Optimization and Principal Component Analysis

AU - Mah, Cheng Yee

AU - Azhar, Nurul Natasha

AU - Wong, Voon Loong

AU - Chen, Yi Lee

AU - Yagoub, Sami Abdelrahman Musa

AU - Teo, Swee Sen

AU - Su, Shao Feng

AU - Yeap, Swee Pin

N1 - Funding Information: This project is funded in part by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) with project code FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UCSI/03/3. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

PY - 2024/3

Y1 - 2024/3

N2 - Graphite is often converted to expanded graphite or graphene for water remediation. However, these processes require extra chemicals and energy. This study tested loose and encased pristine graphite powders for dye removal. The loose graphite exhibited good methylene blue removal (>97 % across pH levels), indicating that π-π interaction is the governing factor besides electrostatic attraction. Notably, 5 g of loose graphite led to 100 % removal. Langmuir isotherm fitting disclosed a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.7059 mg g−1. Principal component analysis showed that dye concentration and adsorbent dosage had a greater impact than pH and contact time. However, encasing graphite in a tea bag inhibits adsorption; future studies could explore options facilitating adsorbate penetration into tea bags.

AB - Graphite is often converted to expanded graphite or graphene for water remediation. However, these processes require extra chemicals and energy. This study tested loose and encased pristine graphite powders for dye removal. The loose graphite exhibited good methylene blue removal (>97 % across pH levels), indicating that π-π interaction is the governing factor besides electrostatic attraction. Notably, 5 g of loose graphite led to 100 % removal. Langmuir isotherm fitting disclosed a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.7059 mg g−1. Principal component analysis showed that dye concentration and adsorbent dosage had a greater impact than pH and contact time. However, encasing graphite in a tea bag inhibits adsorption; future studies could explore options facilitating adsorbate penetration into tea bags.

KW - Adsorption

KW - Graphite

KW - Methylene Blue

KW - Principal component analysis

KW - Water remediation

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U2 - 10.1002/ceat.202300246

DO - 10.1002/ceat.202300246

M3 - Article

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SN - 0930-7516

VL - 47

SP - 474

EP - 484

JO - Chemical Engineering and Technology

JF - Chemical Engineering and Technology

IS - 3

ER -

Loose and Encased Graphite for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Process Optimization and Principal Component Analysis

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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