Abstract
2,6‐Di‐tert‐butyl substituted pyridines (tBu2‐py) are widely used non‐nucleophilic Brønsted bases. Their ubiquity is due to their highly hindered basic site and chemically robust nature. Herein we report that simple M2X6 Lewis acids (M═Al or Ga, X═Cl, Br or I) effect intermolecular sp3C─H metalation of t Bu2‐py bases under mild conditions. The sp3C─H metalated products can be converted in situ into ─BPin, ─iodo, ─bromo and ─hydroxy derivatives for further elaboration. Mechanistic investigations indicate that: i) a frustrated Lewis pair effects sp3C─H heterolysis to form the C─M bond and a protonated pyridine; ii) C─H metalation requires singly halide‐bridged super‐electrophilic M2X6 dimers for sufficiently low barriers. Finally, sp3C─H metalation using M2X6 is not limited to t Bu2‐py bases. Thus, it is important to be aware of this facile sp3C─H functionalisation when using a range of non‐nucleophilic Brønsted bases.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | e202512254 |
| Journal | Angewandte Chemie International Edition |
| Volume | 64 |
| Issue number | 35 |
| Early online date | 16 Jul 2025 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 25 Aug 2025 |
Keywords
- Aluminium trichloride
- C─H functionalisation
- Frustrated Lewis Pairs
- Lewis acids
- Non-nucleophilic bases
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Catalysis
- General Chemistry
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