Abstract
Purpose: Dietary nitrate supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and reduces blood pressure (BP). Inter-individual differences in these responses are suspected but have not been investigated using robust design, e.g., replicate crossover, and appropriate statistical models. We examined the within-individual consistency of the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and BP, and quantified inter-individual response differences.
Methods: Fifteen healthy males visited the laboratory four times. On two visits, participants consumed 140ml nitrate-rich beetroot juice (~14.0mmol nitrate) and, on the other two visits, they consumed 140ml nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (~0.03mmol nitrate). Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured 2.5 hours post-supplementation. NP was measured pre- and 2.5 hours post-supplementation. Between-replicate correlations were quantified for the placebo-adjusted post supplementation plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and pre-to-post changes in BP. Within-participant linear mixed models and meta-analytic approach estimated participant-by-condition treatment response variability.
Results: Nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation elevated plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced systolic (mean:-7mmHg, 95%CI: -3 to -11mmHg) and diastolic (mean:-6mmHg, 95%CI: -2 to -9mmHg) BP versus placebo. The participant-by-condition interaction response variability from the mixed model was ±7mmHg (95%CI: 3 to 9mmHg) for systolic BP and consistent with the treatment effect heterogeneity =± 7mmHg (95%CI: 5 to 12mmHg) derived from the meta-analytic approach. The between-relicate correlations were moderate-to-large for plasma nitrate, nitrite and systolic BP (r=0.55 to 0.91).
Conclusions: The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and systolic BP varied significantly from participant to participant. The causes of this inter-individual variation deserve further investigation. Trial Registration:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05514821.
Methods: Fifteen healthy males visited the laboratory four times. On two visits, participants consumed 140ml nitrate-rich beetroot juice (~14.0mmol nitrate) and, on the other two visits, they consumed 140ml nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (~0.03mmol nitrate). Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured 2.5 hours post-supplementation. NP was measured pre- and 2.5 hours post-supplementation. Between-replicate correlations were quantified for the placebo-adjusted post supplementation plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and pre-to-post changes in BP. Within-participant linear mixed models and meta-analytic approach estimated participant-by-condition treatment response variability.
Results: Nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation elevated plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced systolic (mean:-7mmHg, 95%CI: -3 to -11mmHg) and diastolic (mean:-6mmHg, 95%CI: -2 to -9mmHg) BP versus placebo. The participant-by-condition interaction response variability from the mixed model was ±7mmHg (95%CI: 3 to 9mmHg) for systolic BP and consistent with the treatment effect heterogeneity =± 7mmHg (95%CI: 5 to 12mmHg) derived from the meta-analytic approach. The between-relicate correlations were moderate-to-large for plasma nitrate, nitrite and systolic BP (r=0.55 to 0.91).
Conclusions: The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and systolic BP varied significantly from participant to participant. The causes of this inter-individual variation deserve further investigation. Trial Registration:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05514821.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | European Journal of Nutrition |
| Publication status | Accepted/In press - 9 Feb 2025 |
Keywords
- Dietary nitrate
- beetroot juice
- blood pressure
- hypertension
- individual differences
- inter-individual variation
