High-performance biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerators based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and zinc oxide hybrid composites

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has ignited strong interest in developing biodegradable Triboelectric Nanogenerators (B-TENGs), representing a paradigm shift toward eco-friendly power generation. Our research seeks to lead this transformative endeavor, aiming to address existing challenges and advance the field of B- TENG technology. We investigate a hybrid composite composed of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, emphasizing sustainability and biodegradability. By optimizing the HPMC matrix, we increase power output while maintaining biodegradability and adjust the HPMC content to achieve a balance between performance and flexibility. Our results show significant improvements in TENG output, with the 1 % HPMC: ZnO composite delivering the highest performance: a maximum voltage of 39.8 V, a current of 4.38 μA, and a power density of 0.23 W/m². Additionally, the composite films display excellent biodegradability, fully degrading in water within 36 h, demonstrating their promise for sustainable applications. These groundbreaking advancements highlight the potential of biodegradable TENGs to transform energy harvesting, providing a sustainable solution across multiple industries and setting the stage for a greener future for generations to come.