@article{7af8f94516494cc88eb1963e572ef8f0,
title = "Geochemical Negative Emissions Technologies: Part II. Roadmap",
abstract = "Geochemical negative emissions technologies (NETs) comprise a set of approaches to climate change mitigation that make use of alkaline minerals to remove and/or permanently store carbon dioxide (CO2) as solid carbonate minerals or dissolved ocean bicarbonate ions. This roadmap accompanies the comprehensive review of geochemical NETs by the same authors and offers guidance for the development and deployment of geochemical NETs at gigaton per year (Gt yr.−1) scale. We lay out needs and high-priority initiatives across six key elements required for the responsible and effective deployment of geochemical NETs: (i) technical readiness, (ii) social license, (iii) demand, (iv) supply chains, (v) human capital, and (vi) infrastructure. We put forward proposals for: specific initiatives to be undertaken; their approximate costs and timelines; and the roles that various actors could play in undertaking them. Our intent is to progress toward a working consensus among researchers, practitioners, and key players about initiatives that merit resourcing and action, primarily focusing on the near-term.",
keywords = "carbon dioxide removal, CDR roadmap, CO mineralization, enhanced weathering, geochemical CDR, negative emissions roadmap, negative emissions technologies, ocean alkalinity enhancement",
author = "Maesano, {Cara N.} and Campbell, {James S.} and Spyros Foteinis and Veronica Furey and Olivia Hawrot and Daniel Pike and Silvan Aeschlimann and Reginato, {Paul L.} and Goodwin, {Daniel R.} and Looger, {Loren L.} and Boyden, {Edward S.} and Phil Renforth",
note = "Funding Information: The authors at Heriot-Watt University acknowledge UKRI funding under the UK Greenhouse Gas Removal Programme (NE/P019943/1 and NE/P019730/1), EPSRC funding for the Industrial Decarbonisation Research and Innovation Centre (EP/V027050/1), and EU funding under the H2020 Fighting and adapting to climate change programme OceanNETs project 869357. The authors at The Climate Map acknowledge restricted grant funding from Meta (grant agreement no. INB2423455). EB acknowledges Lisa Yang and the MIT Climate Grand Challenge initiative. Funding Information: The roadmap presented here was initiated by The Climate Map (TCM), a US-based non-profit, with the sole intention of advancing public knowledge and benefit. TCM is grateful for the collaboration of researchers from Heriot-Watt, MIT, and other institutions, in producing it, as well as to Prof. Javier Lezaun for helpful discussions. TCM is also grateful for earlier roadmaps developed by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2019), National Academies of Sciences Engineering Medicine (2021). Energy Futures Initiative (2020): Rock Solid. Harnessing Mineralization for Large-Scale Carbon Management—Climate Engineering—Kiel Earth Institute, Ocean Visions (Ocean Visions, 2021), and ICEF (Sandalow et al., 2021), upon which we relied for methodological guidance and substantive insights. We hope our perspectives adequately reflect and build upon theirs. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 Maesano, Campbell, Foteinis, Furey, Hawrot, Pike, Aeschlimann, Reginato, Goodwin, Looger, Boyden and Renforth.",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
day = "9",
doi = "10.3389/fclim.2022.945332",
language = "English",
volume = "4",
journal = "Frontiers in Climate",
issn = "2624-9553",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",
}
