Fuzzy mixed-integer linear programming model for optimizing a multi-functional bioenergy system with biochar production for negative carbon emissions

A multi-functional bioenergy system is an efficient way for producing multiple energy products from biomass, which results in near-zero carbon emissions. To achieve net negative carbon emissions, biochar production as carbon sequestration can be integrated in the system. A fuzzy mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to simultaneously design and optimize a multi-functional bioenergy system given multiple product demands, carbon footprint, and economic performance constraints. Case studies are presented involving multi-functional bioenergy systems with biochar production for carbon sequestration. The results show that net negative carbon footprint can be achieved in such systems.