Future of mobility in Jakarta Metropolitan Area: A Multi-Stakeholder scenario planning

The growth of the urban population and their mobility, added with the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts, requires the capability to anticipate uncertainties. As a developing country, Indonesia has progressed with many developments in urban mobility, but at the same time, challenges still may affect its future, particularly in a metropolitan like Jakarta. Despite the widely understood challenges faced by the metropolitan, there has been limited understanding about its possible futures of mobility and the ways to go in its respective future. A multi-stakeholder scenario planning was used to develop future scenarios of urban mobility in Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), utilizing stakeholders’ point of views regarding the driving forces and critical uncertainties that may shape the future of mobility to create action-oriented strategies to achieve the desired future. A medium-term time scale of ten years (2021–2030) was used to give viable and practical recommendations. Four scenarios were developed, which consisted of: 1) one seamless ecosystem, 2) the culture of public transportation, 3) the exclusive green community, and 4) the social dilemma of public versus private transportation, which emphasized the forms of mobility that would dominate in the next ten years. With implications of each scenario explained from several aspects, six efforts should be considered to direct the future of mobility in Jakarta Metropolitan Area: vehicle electrification, limitation of fossil fuel vehicles and broader use of public transportation, implementation of MaaS and TOD, commuters’ behavior changes with push and pull policies, and boosting funding for mobility facilities.