Experimental water content measurements of carbon dioxide in equilibrium with hydrates at (223.15 to 263.15) K and (1.0 to 10.0) MPa

The environmental impact of carbon dioxide has led to the need for capture and storage processes. Whenever water is present, at conditions inside the carbon dioxide hydrate stability zone, there is the possibility of hydrate formation which can cause problems such as pipeline restriction and blockage. To avoid such problems it is essential to know how dry the carbon dioxide needs to be. The measurement of the water content of carbon dioxide in equilibrium with hydrates at different temperature and pressure conditions gives a value below which hydrates will not form. There is a scarcity of relevant experimental data especially at low temperatures (<263.15 K). This is in part due to the challenging nature of making accurate equilibrium water content measurements at these conditions. The experimental data can be used to compare with predictions made using different thermodynamic models. This paper presents experimental equipment, methods and results for the water content of carbon dioxide in equilibrium with hydrates at temperatures between (223.15 and 263.15) K and pressures between (1.0 and 10.0) MPa, hence in both vapour and liquid phases. The experimental data are compared with predictions from an in-house (previously developed) thermodynamic model.