Enhancing Decision Making and Decarbonation in Environmental Management: A Review on the Role of Digital Technologies

As global concerns about climate change intensify, the need for effective strategies to reduce carbon emissions, has never been more urgent. This review paper explores the crucial role of digital technologies (i.e., data automation (DA) and decision support systems (DSSs)) in enhancing decision making and achieving a ZERONET initiative (decarbonation efforts) within the realms of solid waste management (SWM), wastewater treatment (WWT), and contaminated soil remediation (CSR). Specifically, the paper provides (a) an overview of the carbon footprint (CFP) in relation to environmental management (EM) and the role of DA and DSS in decarbonization; (b) case studies in areas of SWM, WWT, and CSR in relation to the use of (i) digital technology; ((ii) life cycle assessment (LCA)-based DSS; and (iii) multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)-based DSS; and (c) optimal contractual delivery method-based DSS case studies in EM practices. This review concludes that the adoption of DA and DSSs in SWM, WWT, and CSR holds significant potential for enhancing decision making and decarbonizing EM processes. By optimizing operations, enhancing resource efficiency, and integrating renewable energy sources, smart EM technologies can contribute to a reduction in GHG emissions and the promotion of sustainable EM practices. As the demand for more effective and eco-friendly solutions grows, the role of DA and DSSs will become increasingly pivotal in achieving global decarbonization goals.