Distributed Array-Based Approach for Scalable Feeder Links in LEO Constellations

As Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations continue to expand, the demand for efficient and scalable gateway connections increases. To meet this necessity, more capable antenna systems are required, especially in high-traffic regions where capacity bottlenecks occur. This paper proposes a distributed LEO feeder link, designed to achieve scalable, high throughput connectivity in congested areas. This solution exploits phase-driven array antennas, coordinated in a MultipleInput Multiple-Output (MIMO) configuration to increase the overall ground station throughput. The proposed deployment enables spatial multiplexing without requiring ground synchronization. Additionally, a design and optimization procedure for the MIMO geometry is developed, based on a beam pattern analysis and practical processing schemes. Numerical comparisons with conventional Ka-band feeder solutions, demonstrate the potential of the proposed architecture for enhanced system capacity and scalability.