Deterministic teleportation and universal computation without particle exchange

Teleportation is a cornerstone of quantum technologies, and has played a key role in the development of quantum information theory. Pushing the limits of teleportation is therefore of particular importance. Here, we apply a different aspect of quantumness to teleportation—namely exchange-free, or counterfactual, computation at a distance. We propose a universal controlled-phase gate, where no particles are exchanged between control and target. This allows the full repertoire of quantum computation to me made exchange-free, including both complete Bell detection among two remote parties and so teleportation and telecloning. Further, we show that this gate, and the protocols based on it, is experimentally feasible, simulating the fidelity of our exchange-free teleportation and telecloning protocols for realistic bit-errors.