Design of novel non-periodic biomimetic bone scaffolds using the Moving Morphable Components method

Bone scaffolds are widely used in orthopedics for tissue repair and regeneration, yet achieving optimal bone growth through porous scaffolds remains a significant challenge. In this study, the Moving Morphable Components (MMC) method was employed to design novel non-periodic biomimetic bone scaffolds. Four types of scaffolds were created to mimic different human bone tissues. Their average elastic moduli were evaluated, and found to closely match with those of the corresponding bone tissues. Compared to triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures, the novel scaffolds exhibited significantly higher permeability − up to 3.70 × 10⁻⁸ m² at a porosity of 62 %. These scaffolds demonstrated not only suitable mechanical properties but also enhanced permeability. Furthermore, they showed a good manufacturability, making them practical for fabrication. Overall, the MMC-designed scaffolds present a promising solution with matched mechanical properties and superior permeability, potentially reducing stress shielding and promoting bone cell growth and regeneration in tissue engineering applications.