TY - JOUR
T1 - Design and Implementation of a Wind Farm Controller Using Aerodynamics Estimated from LIDAR Scans of Wind Turbine Blades
AU - Stock, Adam
AU - Amos, Lindsey
AU - Alves, Rui
AU - Leithead, William
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received September 10, 2020; revised November 16, 2020; accepted November 30, 2020. Date of publication December 9, 2020; date of current version December 31, 2020. This work was supported in part by CENSIS. Recommended by Senior Editor R. S. Smith. (Corresponding author: Adam Stock.) Adam Stock and William Leithead are with the Wind Energy and Control Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 2TB, U.K. (e-mail: adam.stock@strath.ac.uk; w.leithead@strath.ac.uk).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 IEEE.
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - A hierarchical Wind Farm Control (WFC) approach was previously developed that uses Power Adjusting Controllers (PACs) on each wind turbine in a wind farm. The PACs can be retrofitted to existing assets with no knowledge of, or change to, the wind turbine full envelope controller (FEC). However, knowledge of the wind turbine aerodynamics is required and is not usually directly available from the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), necessitating estimation. In this letter, estimated aerodynamic properties are obtained via a scanning LIDAR that directly measures the shape of a 2.5MW commercial wind turbine's blades. The impact of the resulting aerodynamic uncertainty on the PAC tuning and the accuracy of the change in power output from the PAC at a turbine level and at a wind farm level is assessed. It is shown that it is possible to tune a stable PAC using aerodynamic information estimated via blade scanning. Although the requested turbine change in power suffers from some inaccuracy, the slow integral action at a WFC level causes the impact on the accuracy of the change in wind farm power output to be negligible. As such, the application of a WFC methodology utilising PACs without prior knowledge of the turbine aerodynamics is shown to be possible by using blade scanning to estimate the aerodynamic coefficients. Hence it is practical to retrofit the methodology to wind farms when aerodynamic information from the OEM is not available.
AB - A hierarchical Wind Farm Control (WFC) approach was previously developed that uses Power Adjusting Controllers (PACs) on each wind turbine in a wind farm. The PACs can be retrofitted to existing assets with no knowledge of, or change to, the wind turbine full envelope controller (FEC). However, knowledge of the wind turbine aerodynamics is required and is not usually directly available from the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), necessitating estimation. In this letter, estimated aerodynamic properties are obtained via a scanning LIDAR that directly measures the shape of a 2.5MW commercial wind turbine's blades. The impact of the resulting aerodynamic uncertainty on the PAC tuning and the accuracy of the change in power output from the PAC at a turbine level and at a wind farm level is assessed. It is shown that it is possible to tune a stable PAC using aerodynamic information estimated via blade scanning. Although the requested turbine change in power suffers from some inaccuracy, the slow integral action at a WFC level causes the impact on the accuracy of the change in wind farm power output to be negligible. As such, the application of a WFC methodology utilising PACs without prior knowledge of the turbine aerodynamics is shown to be possible by using blade scanning to estimate the aerodynamic coefficients. Hence it is practical to retrofit the methodology to wind farms when aerodynamic information from the OEM is not available.
KW - Energy systems
KW - modelling
KW - uncertain systems
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097948023&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/LCSYS.2020.3043686
DO - 10.1109/LCSYS.2020.3043686
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85097948023
SN - 2475-1456
VL - 5
SP - 1735
EP - 1740
JO - IEEE Control Systems Letters
JF - IEEE Control Systems Letters
IS - 5
ER -