Comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of short- and long-term stability in a passively mode-locked solitonic fiber laser

We demonstrate the short- and long-term stable operation of an all-polarization-maintained Fabry-Pérot cavity passively mode-locked fiber laser. The laser operates in an all-anomalous-dispersion solitonic regime. Laser stability is studied by a variety of measurements, which confirm the high stability of the laser in the temporal and spectral-both optical and electrical-domains. Pulse durations of 540 fs, period-relative time jitters of ∼0.015%, and long-term uninterrumped operation with 0.4% variation (standard deviation) in the average output power are obtained. The highly stable operation of the laser oscillator was maintained after amplifying the laser output with a conventional EDFA. Pulse durations of ∼244 fs, period-relative time jitters of ∼0.019%, and an average output power of 20 mW were obtained after amplification, while maintaining the 100-dB signal-to-noise ratio of the laser oscillator measured at 500-Hz offset from the fundamental harmonic frequency. The theoretical validation of our experimental results is based on solutions of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. We demonstrate that wavelength and z -position dependences of the active medium gain must be taken into account for an accurate correspondence with the experimental properties of the laser.