Automotive Cockpit-Driving Integration for Human-Centric Autonomous Driving: A Survey

Intelligent driving aims to handle dynamic driving tasks in complex environments, while driver behavior onboard is less focused. In contrast, an intelligent cockpit mainly focuses on interacting with a driver, with limited connection to the driving scenarios. Since the driver onboard could affect the driving strategy significantly and thus have nonnegligible safety implications on an autonomous vehicle, a cockpit-driving integration (CDI) is generally essential to take the driver's behavior and intention into account when shaping the driving strategy. However, no comprehensive review of current existing CDI technologies is conducted despite the significant role of CDI in safe driving. Therefore, we are motivated to summarize the state-of-the-art of CDI methods and investigate the development trends of CDI. To this end, we identify thoroughly current applications of CDI for the perception and decision-making of autonomous vehicles and highlight critical issues that urgently need to be addressed. Additionally, we propose a lifelong learning framework based on evolvable neural networks as solutions for future CDI. Finally, challenges and future work are discussed. The work provides useful insights for developers regarding designing safe and human-centric autonomous vehicles.