TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of chemical vapour deposited diamondfilms by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
AU - Wilson, John Ivor Barrett
AU - Walton, J S
AU - Beamson, G
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental and phase analysis of diamond surfaces is reviewed, including both single crystal natural diamond and polycrystalline chemical vapour deposition (CVD) films. The core C1s peaks, plasmon losses and valence band spectra of sp2 graphite are compared with those of sp3diamond, and briefly with mixed sp2/sp3 hard carbon films. Surface reconstructions are reviewed for diamond in the presence of hydrogen or following thermal annealing. Attention is drawn to the destructive effects of argon ion bombardment ‘cleaning’. The synthesis of CVDdiamond, including the initial nucleation process, is described and the significance of hydrogen is explained. Chemical modification of the surface of diamondfilms is discussed, with relevance to sensors and field electron emission. XPSanalysis of (111) polycrystalline films treated by atom beams of N, O, H, Cl is described and the influence of unwanted oxygen is emphasised. For both atom beam and furnace oxidation, the oxygen is incorporated into the (111) diamond surface as bridging C–O–C.
AB - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental and phase analysis of diamond surfaces is reviewed, including both single crystal natural diamond and polycrystalline chemical vapour deposition (CVD) films. The core C1s peaks, plasmon losses and valence band spectra of sp2 graphite are compared with those of sp3diamond, and briefly with mixed sp2/sp3 hard carbon films. Surface reconstructions are reviewed for diamond in the presence of hydrogen or following thermal annealing. Attention is drawn to the destructive effects of argon ion bombardment ‘cleaning’. The synthesis of CVDdiamond, including the initial nucleation process, is described and the significance of hydrogen is explained. Chemical modification of the surface of diamondfilms is discussed, with relevance to sensors and field electron emission. XPSanalysis of (111) polycrystalline films treated by atom beams of N, O, H, Cl is described and the influence of unwanted oxygen is emphasised. For both atom beam and furnace oxidation, the oxygen is incorporated into the (111) diamond surface as bridging C–O–C.
U2 - dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00334-6
DO - dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00334-6
M3 - Article
SN - 0368-2048
VL - 121
SP - 183
EP - 201
JO - Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena
JF - Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena
IS - 1-3
ER -