TY - JOUR
T1 - An Integrated Testing Strategy for Ecotoxicity (ITS-ECO) Assessment in the Marine Environmental Compartment Using Mytilus spp.
T2 - A Case Study Using Pristine and Coated CuO and TiO2 Nanomaterials
AU - Connolly, Mona
AU - Little, Simon
AU - Hartl, Mark G. J.
AU - Fernandez, Teresa F.
N1 - Funding Information:
The present study was performed within the European FP7‐NMP NANOSOLUTIONS project under grant agreement 309329. The authors acknowledge D. Brown for his assistance preparing the mussel tissues for analysis and C. Merkin from the Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany for performing the Raman microscopy analysis of tissue samples.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - An integrated testing strategy for ecotoxicity assessment (ITS-ECO) was developed to aid in the hazard and fate assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) deposited in marine environments using the bivalve Mytilus spp. as a test species. The ENMs copper(II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), either in pristine form (core) or with functionalized coatings (polyethylene glycol [PEG], carboxyl [COOH], and ammonia [NH3]) were selected as case study materials based on their production levels and use. High-throughput in vitro testing in Tier 1 of the ITS-ECO revealed CuO ENMs to elicit cytotoxic effects on lysosomes of hemocytes of mussels, with the hazard potential CuO PEG > CuO COOH > CuO NH3 > CuO core, whereas TiO2 ENMs were not cytotoxic. Genotoxicity in hemocytes as well as gill cells of mussels following in vivo exposure (48 h) to CuO ENMs was also seen. Longer in vivo exposures in Tier 2 (48 h–21 days) revealed subacute and chronic oxidative effects for both CuO and TiO2 ENMs, in some cases leading to lipid peroxidation (core TiO2 ENMs). In Tier 3 bioaccumulation studies, distinct patterns of uptake for Cu (predominantly in gills) and Ti (predominantly in digestive glands) and between the different core and coated ENMs were found. Clear NM-specific and coating-dependent effects on hazard and fate were seen. Overall, using a tiered testing approach, the ITS-ECO was able to differentiate the hazard (acute, subacute, and chronic effects) posed by ENMs of different compositions and coatings and to provide information on fate for environmental risk assessment of these ENMs.
AB - An integrated testing strategy for ecotoxicity assessment (ITS-ECO) was developed to aid in the hazard and fate assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) deposited in marine environments using the bivalve Mytilus spp. as a test species. The ENMs copper(II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), either in pristine form (core) or with functionalized coatings (polyethylene glycol [PEG], carboxyl [COOH], and ammonia [NH3]) were selected as case study materials based on their production levels and use. High-throughput in vitro testing in Tier 1 of the ITS-ECO revealed CuO ENMs to elicit cytotoxic effects on lysosomes of hemocytes of mussels, with the hazard potential CuO PEG > CuO COOH > CuO NH3 > CuO core, whereas TiO2 ENMs were not cytotoxic. Genotoxicity in hemocytes as well as gill cells of mussels following in vivo exposure (48 h) to CuO ENMs was also seen. Longer in vivo exposures in Tier 2 (48 h–21 days) revealed subacute and chronic oxidative effects for both CuO and TiO2 ENMs, in some cases leading to lipid peroxidation (core TiO2 ENMs). In Tier 3 bioaccumulation studies, distinct patterns of uptake for Cu (predominantly in gills) and Ti (predominantly in digestive glands) and between the different core and coated ENMs were found. Clear NM-specific and coating-dependent effects on hazard and fate were seen. Overall, using a tiered testing approach, the ITS-ECO was able to differentiate the hazard (acute, subacute, and chronic effects) posed by ENMs of different compositions and coatings and to provide information on fate for environmental risk assessment of these ENMs.
KW - Antioxidant defences
KW - Bioaccumulation
KW - Functionalization
KW - Integrated approach to testing and assessment
KW - Integrated testing strategies
KW - Marine
KW - Mytilus spp.
KW - Titanium dioxide and copper(II) oxide nanomaterials
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128729957&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/etc.5313
DO - 10.1002/etc.5313
M3 - Article
C2 - 35226375
SN - 0730-7268
VL - 41
SP - 1390
EP - 1406
JO - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
IS - 6
ER -
