A stochastic SIS infection model incorporating indirect transmission

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Abstract

We describe a stochastic susceptible–infective–susceptible (SIS) model for transmission of infectious disease through a population, incorporating both direct host–host transmission
and indirect transmission via free-living infectious stages (e.g. environmental bacteria). Existence of a quasi-stationary distribution conditional upon nonextinction of infection is established. A bivariate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck approximation is used to investigate the long-term behaviour of the process conditional upon nonextinction of infection. We show that indirect transmission leads to lower variability in the number of infected hosts present in quasi-stationarity and, consequently, to a greater tendency of infection to persist, compared with a model with direct transmission only and the same average individual infectivity. Some numerical work illustrating these results is presented.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)726-737
Number of pages12
JournalJournal of Applied Probability
Volume42
Publication statusPublished - 2005

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