TY - GEN
T1 - A Comparative Study of Navigation API ETA Accuracy for Shuttle Bus Tracking
AU - Gan, Shu Qian
AU - Bin Narul Akhla, Ammar Ashraf
AU - Thong, Chee Ling
AU - Shibghatullah, Abdul Samad
AU - Chit, Su Mon
AU - Chaw, Lee Yen
AU - Lee, Chiw Yi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022/6/16
Y1 - 2022/6/16
N2 - This study compares three selected navigation applications which are Google Maps, Waze and HERE WeGo, through the study of each application’s Application Programming Interface (API). The study is focusing on the aspect of Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) accuracy, in an attempt to determine which API are suitable to be integrated and implemented in the development of a shuttle bus application. To date, there are currently lacking studies that discuss or compare the implementation of API in the development of shuttle bus tracking and ETA application. This study focuses on finding which API is the best suitable for such development from an ETA perspective, using the navigation application where the APIs were implemented or based on as a tool of testing. An experiment was conducted in a city in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, by collecting the ETA of the navigation applications from multiple points while riding a scheduled shuttle bus. The ETA will be compared with actual arrival time (ATA) using RMSE, MAE and PE metric. Comparison results showed Google Maps app provides the most consistent ETA prediction accuracy in a conservative manner and is the most suitable to be incorporated into a simple bus tracking and ETA app. The significant contribution of this study is to provide a result of comparison of the ETA accuracy through selected navigation applications and comparison of their navigation API.
AB - This study compares three selected navigation applications which are Google Maps, Waze and HERE WeGo, through the study of each application’s Application Programming Interface (API). The study is focusing on the aspect of Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) accuracy, in an attempt to determine which API are suitable to be integrated and implemented in the development of a shuttle bus application. To date, there are currently lacking studies that discuss or compare the implementation of API in the development of shuttle bus tracking and ETA application. This study focuses on finding which API is the best suitable for such development from an ETA perspective, using the navigation application where the APIs were implemented or based on as a tool of testing. An experiment was conducted in a city in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, by collecting the ETA of the navigation applications from multiple points while riding a scheduled shuttle bus. The ETA will be compared with actual arrival time (ATA) using RMSE, MAE and PE metric. Comparison results showed Google Maps app provides the most consistent ETA prediction accuracy in a conservative manner and is the most suitable to be incorporated into a simple bus tracking and ETA app. The significant contribution of this study is to provide a result of comparison of the ETA accuracy through selected navigation applications and comparison of their navigation API.
KW - Application Programming Interface
KW - Estimated time of arrival
KW - Google maps
KW - HERE WeGo
KW - Navigation applications
KW - Waze
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133006608&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-05014-5_37
DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-05014-5_37
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85133006608
SN - 9783031050138
VL - 13337
T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science
SP - 446
EP - 461
BT - Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications - Third International Conference, MOBILE 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Proceedings
A2 - Salvendy, Gavriel
A2 - Wei, June
PB - Springer
T2 - 3rd International Conference on Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications, MOBILE 2022 Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022
Y2 - 26 June 2022 through 1 July 2022
ER -