A 3-D Wideband Multi-Confocal Ellipsoid Model for Wireless Massive MIMO Communication Channels with Uniform Planar Antenna Array

This paper first proposes a three dimensional (3-D) non-stationary wideband multi-confocal ellipsoid channel model with uniform planar antenna array (UPA) for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems. The proposed 3-D geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) not only considers the non-stationary channel characteristics in time domain but also describes the non-stationary channel characteristics in array domain by adopting a birth-death (BD) process and seed algorithm on UPA for the first time. At the meanwhile, selective cluster evolution and cluster evolution areas (CEAs) are first proposed in this paper. Only clusters in CEAs go through cluster evolution because near-field effect and other clusters can be observed by all antennas. Channel parameters, including delay, Doppler frequency, angle of departure (AoD), and angle of arrive (AoA), are considered in both the azimuth direction and elevation direction. This paper also considers rotations of UPAs. Based on the proposed theoretical reference model, the relevant simulation model is also obtained. The statistical properties of theoretical reference model and simulation model can match well with numerical results.