4D seismic interpretation of the Norne field – a semi-quantitative approach

This paper shows a workflow for the 4D seismic interpretation of the Norne field benchmark case and the use to better understand how 4D seismic data can be input for updating the simulation model. The interpretation was performed in two passes. The first pass aimed to understand the character of the seismic data, identify the anomalies in the data and how they relate to the well activities and fluid movement in the field. The second pass consisted of integrating this previous seismic understanding into the simulation data, distinguishing pressure and saturation effects and recognizing how they relate to the rock physics and/or the static and dynamic parameters from the simulation model. Simulation to seismic (sim2seis) was performed to relate the simulation response to the seismic domain. We show several examples of inconsistencies between the sim2seis predicted response and the observed seismic data, and evaluate whether these are caused by a simulation model inaccuracy or by uncertainties in the actual seismic response. After this careful qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis, we ranked the data we are most confident in before implementing the desired updates.